Empresa y Salud

MÁS ALLÁ DEL TELETRABAJO Y LA JORNADA INTENSIVA: EL CALOR EXTREMO IMPULSA LA BÚSQUEDA DE FÓRMULAS PARA REDUCIR EL ESTRÉS POR CALOR EN HORARIO LABORAL.

Redacción Send an email 31 julio, 2025
1.512 13 4 minutos de lectura
  • El teletrabajo y la jornada intensiva son las fórmulas más utilizadas para reducir la exposición al calor, aunque empiezan a contemplarse otras alternativas que buscan mejorar el bienestar térmico sin afectar el desarrollo de la actividad.
  • Las altas temperaturas acentúan la importancia de poder trabajar en remoto si es posible, pero solo 1 de cada 4 personas en España declara contar con la libertad de poder elegirlo libremente en cualquier momento del año, una flexibilidad inferior a la observada en países como Países Bajos (41 %) o Estados Unidos (40 %).

· Los expertos de Cigna Healthcare recomiendan impulsar planes de salud y organizativos que busquen el bienestar térmico incluyendo medidas como la revisión de la climatización, la promoción del autocuidado o la puesta en marcha de acciones de sensibilización.

Madrid, 31 de julio de 2025. El aumento de las temperaturas durante el verano está impulsando la revisión de la gestión de los entornos laborales durante estos meses. El estrés por calor, sensación de malestar, incomodidad o agotamiento que experimenta una persona por desajustes en su temperatura corporal -en este caso, a causa del calor extremo-, incide directamente sobre el nivel de concentración, rendimiento y motivación, lo que impulsa a tomar medidas para evitarlo, cuidar al equipo y mantener la productividad.

En un verano como el actual, para el que la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET) pronostica valores por encima de la media, en línea con la tendencia de los últimos años. Prácticas como la jornada intensiva o el trabajo a distancia se han asentado como las fórmulas más utilizadas para reducir la exposición al calor. Sin embargo, su implantación sigue siendo insuficiente. De hecho, datos recientes recogidos en el estudio Cigna International Health Study reflejan que solo el 25 % de los españoles puede elegir libremente entre trabajar de forma presencial o remota en cualquier momento del año, una flexibilidad que resulta limitada en comparación con otros países: Suiza y Reino Unido alcanzan el 35 %, Bélgica el 29 %, mientras que en Países Bajos y Estados Unidos supera el 40 %. De estos datos se desprende que, además de fomentar estas modalidades cuando sea posible, conviene avanzar en la adopción de otras medidas complementarias que permitan adaptar las condiciones laborales a un entorno climático cada vez más exigente.

“Fomentar condiciones laborales flexibles y adaptadas a las condiciones ambientales es una inversión que va más allá del bienestar individual: impacta directamente en la eficiencia y la sostenibilidad del desempeño laboral. En contextos de calor extremo, contar con entornos que minimicen la exposición al estrés por calor ayuda a prevenir incidentes relacionados con la salud y reduce la fatiga mental, favoreciendo así una mayor estabilidad en la productividad y la calidad del trabajo. La implementación de estrategias preventivas debe entenderse como una prioridad estratégica para garantizar que el trabajo pueda desarrollarse de forma segura, cómoda y eficiente durante todo el año.” explica Amira Bueno, directora de Recursos Humanos de Cigna Healthcare.

En este sentido, y más allá del impulso al teletrabajo o la jornada continua, los expertos de Cigna Healthcare proponen un conjunto de medidas complementarias que permiten adecuar la actividad laboral a las condiciones térmicas sin comprometer la salud ni la continuidad operativa.

· Gestión de los espacios de trabajo para lograr el bienestar térmico. Para minimizar el estrés térmico, se recomienda mantener la climatización entre 24 y 26°C, evitando encender y apagar el aire acondicionado de forma frecuente para prevenir cambios bruscos. Las ventanas deben abrirse solo en las primeras horas de la mañana o al atardecer, cuando la temperatura exterior es más baja, y cerrarse durante las horas de más calor para conservar un ambiente fresco. También es fundamental contar con dispensadores de agua accesibles en la oficina, tener siempre cerca una botella de agua y beber regularmente cada 30-45 minutos.

· Plan de salud para la autorregulación térmica. Se trata de promover un enfoque integral que agrupe acciones didácticas y de sensibilización para ayudar a los equipos a gestionar de la mejor manera posible su exposición al calor. Estos planes de salud pueden incluir sesiones formativas y materiales informativos sobre la detección temprana de signos de agotamiento térmico o golpes de calor.

· Proteger la salud mental frente a la fatiga emocional causada por el calor. Las altas temperaturas no solo afectan al cuerpo, también tienen un impacto directo sobre el bienestar psicológico. El calor extremo puede intensificar la sensación de fatiga, generar irritabilidad, dificultar la concentración y alterar la calidad del sueño. Por ello, resulta fundamental incorporar breves momentos de desconexión para hacer ejercicios de respiración, caminar o realizar estiramientos, que ayuden a mantener la atención y reducir la tensión mental. Además, adaptar la carga cognitiva contribuye a reducir el malestar emocional y a mejorar la resiliencia del equipo. Una manera buena de hacerlo es reservar las tareas más exigentes para los momentos del día en los que hace menos calor.

· Implementar estrategias organizativas para la resiliencia y sostenibilidad laboral. Más allá de flexibilizar horarios y ajustar la carga de trabajo, se pueden implementar medidas prácticas para reducir la exposición al calor, como incentivar el uso compartido de vehículos en desplazamientos, evitando esperas prolongadas al sol en paradas de transporte público. También es recomendable limitar la cantidad y duración de reuniones en las horas centrales del día, y fomentar la autonomía para que las tareas se organicen según el momento del día y las condiciones personales. De esta manera, se favorece una cultura laboral saludable y sostenible que protege la salud y mantiene la productividad durante todo el año.

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