Actualidad

9 DE CADA 10 DOCENTES ESPAÑOLES ADVIERTEN QUE LA ANSIEDAD ES EL PRINCIPAL PROBLEMA EN LAS AULAS.

EL 56% DE LOS DOCENTES ESPAÑOLES CALIFICA LA SALUD MENTAL DE SU ALUMNADO COMO REGULAR.

FUNDACIÓN MAPFRE Y SIENA EDUCACIÓN LLEVAN A CABO UN ESTUDIO QUE ABORDA LOS FACTORES DE RIESGO, LAS MEDIDAS PREVENTIVAS, EL PAPEL DE LAS FAMILIAS Y EL IMPACTO DE LA DIGITALIZACIÓN Y LAS REDES SOCIALES EN EL BIENESTAR DEL ALUMNADO Y DEL PROFESORADO.

·      Según los profesores, los problemas familiares (60,6%) y la influencia de las redes sociales (57,1%) son los factores que más afectan al bienestar mental del alumno.

·      En el ámbito de las redes sociales, los docentes identifican los estándares de belleza irreales (33,2%) y el contenido violento (27,3%) como los riesgos más preocupantes.

·        El informe también revela un notable desgaste emocional en el profesorado, siendo los signos más señalados: el estrés (31,2%), la falta de motivación (24,5%) y la irritabilidad (21,1%).

·         La mitad de los docentes (50,8%) percibe que su carga emocional reduce significativamente su capacidad para identificar problemas de salud mental en sus estudiantes.

·      El 94,7% del personal educativo considera importante o muy importante la creación de protocolos de salud mental en los centros educativos; sitúan la formación y la capacitación docente como una prioridad (26,8%); la incorporación de más psicólogos escolares y profesionales de apoyo (16,8%).

La ansiedad se ha convertido en un gran reto para el sistema educativo, tanto para los docentes como para el alumnado. Redes sociales, estrés, convivencia familiar son algunos de los factores con los que convive la comunidad educativa. En este sentido, la ansiedad destaca de forma contundente como el principal problema en las aulas, siendo señalada, entre los tres problemas de salud mental más frecuentes, por 9 de cada 10 profesores.

Además, el profesorado considera que los elementos más determinantes para el bienestar mental del alumnado son de naturaleza externa y relacional. Los problemas o conflictos familiares (60,6%) y la influencia de las redes sociales (57,1%) son, con gran diferencia, los factores que se consideran «muy influyentes».

Estas son algunas de las conclusionesdel informe “El estado de la salud mental en el aula 2025” que ha elaborado Fundación MAPFRE y Siena Educación, organismo especializado en el sector educativoy que ofrece una radiografía detallada de la percepción del cuerpo docente en España sobre el bienestar emocional del alumnado y las propias condiciones de la labor educativa.  

El estudio se basa en una metodología mixta que incluyó 850 respuestas cuantitativas de profesorado y dieciséis grupos de discusión cualitativos, dando lugar a unprofundo informe sobre los factores de riesgo, las medidas preventivas, el papel de las familias y el impacto de la digitalización y las redes sociales en el bienestar del alumnado y del profesorado.

En la presentación han participado Antonio Guzmán, director del área de Promoción de la Salud de Fundación MAPFRE; Javier Urra, Dr. en Psicología con la especialidad de Clínica y Forense; Dr. en Ciencias de la Salud, pedagogo Terapeuta y Psicólogo en excedencia voluntaria de la Fiscalía del Tribunal Superior de Justicia y de los Juzgados de Menores de Madrid, director Pedagógico del Máster Online para educadores en Salud Mental Infanto-juvenil de Aula Siena, en colaboración con la UCJC y director y coordinador del primer Vademécum sobre Salud Mental junto a Fundación MAPFRE y Anaya; y José María de Moya, director general de Siena Educación.

Consenso casi unánime sobre el impacto negativo de las redes sociales

Existe un consenso casi unánime sobre el impacto negativo de las plataformas digitales: el 97,9% de los profesores considera que las redes sociales afectan negativamente al bienestar emocional del alumnado. El principal efecto negativo percibido es que generan inseguridad y baja autoestima (72,5%).

Los contenidos que tienen mayor impacto en su salud mental son los estándares de belleza irreales (33,2%) y el contenido violento o agresivo (27,3%). Además, el 74% del profesorado opina que el uso de estas plataformas disminuye la capacidad del alumnado para manejar sus emociones.

Contexto familiar y las RRSS como principales factores de riesgo

El profesorado cree que los factores más influyentes para el bienestar mental del alumnado son los problemas o conflictos familiares (60,6%) y la influencia de las redes sociales (57,1%), situándolos por delante de la presión académica.

Si nos centramos en el entorno familiar, los docentes señalan factores decisivos, los estilos parentales muy permisivos o muy autoritarios (85,9%), seguidos por la separación o divorcio reciente de los padres (76,6%). La percepción sobre la respuesta de las familias es crítica, ya que más de la mitad de los docentes considera que solo en el 53,2% de los casos identifican y atienden adecuadamente los problemas de salud mental de sus hijos.

En opinión del Dr. Javier Urra“Es fundamental la educación en el hogar familiar y una relación fluida y natural entre padres e hijos. Naturalmente, el ámbito escolar es otro pilar fundamental en la crianza, pero los alumnos son un espejo de lo que ven en sus hogares y, de esto han de ser conscientes los padres”.

Un desgaste emocional en el ejercicio de la docencia

Aunque la mayoría del profesorado valora su propia salud mental como buena (49,3%) o muy buena (12,5%), el informe revela un desgaste emocional en el ejercicio de la docencia. Los signos más señalados de agotamiento mental son el estrés (31,2%), la falta de motivación (24,5%) y la irritabilidad (21,1%).

Las respuestas aportadas inciden en que el malestar docente no se debe únicamente a la interacción con el alumnado, sino también a las condiciones laborales y al contexto social. La sobrecarga de trabajo, la burocracia y el agotamiento físico son citados como principales fuentes de desgaste que acabanteniendo un impacto directo en el aula, ya que la mitad de los docentes (50,8%) percibe que esta carga emocional reduce significativamente su capacidad para identificar problemas de salud mental en sus estudiantes.

Al estado mental del profesorado se une la capacidad de los centros para atender la salud mental de los alumnos. En este sentido, los docentes identifican dosobstáculos para abordar el bienestar emocional en el aula: la falta de tiempo (79,8%) y la falta de formación (60,3%). De hecho, un 30,6% del profesorado no se siente capacitado para identificar problemas de salud mental en el alumnado.

Las principales demandas del profesorado para mejorar el apoyo son el incremento de la formación y capacitación docente (26,8%), la incorporación de más psicólogos escolares y profesionales de apoyo (16,8%), una mayor implicación de las familias (9,1%) y una mejor coordinación con servicios externos (8,5%).

A juicio de Antonio Guzmán“Todos los que conformamos el ecosistema sanitario y educativo hemos de trabajar unidos para cambiar esta radiografía que el estudio nos ofrece de las aulas. Es fundamental introducir herramientas que mejoren la salud mental de los docentes y el alumnado y, sobre todo, herramientas que promuevan la detección precoz y protocolos que sean unánimes”.

Acciones preventivas

Como estrategia preventiva prioritaria, el 94,7% de los profesores considera importante o muy importante la necesidad de crear protocolos de salud mental en los centros educativos. Adicionalmente, el 76% de los docentes demanda promover el uso crítico de las redes sociales.

En el ámbito de las actividades extracurriculares, el estudio revela que el deporte (63,3%) es considerado por el profesorado como la actividad más eficaz para ayudar al alumnado a gestionar el estrés, destacando muy por encima de otras opciones como el arte, la música o el voluntariado.

En palabras de José María de Moya: “Los centros educativos son, después del hogar, el espacio en el que más tiempo pasan los estudiantes. Debemos reforzar todas las herramientas necesarias, sobre todo la educación , tal y como demandan los profesores, para que sean capaces de aportar soluciones preventivas ante el agravamiento de la salud mental de un alumno. Y debemos actuar de inmediato”.

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