Mercado Laboral

La profesión política, la menos deseable a nivel mundial.

  • Amrop publica el estudio ‘El significado del trabajo’ en el que se analizan las diferentes motivaciones que regulan el entorno laboral, en función de la región del mundo, la edad, el género, la experiencia o la formación, entre otros aspectos.
  • Los profesionales de Amrop España nos aportan su punto de vista sobre cómo afectan algunos de los ámbitos analizados (diferencias intergeneracionales, entorno STEM, movilidad internacional, etc.) en el mercado laboral español.

Madrid, 9 de abril de 2025.- Hacer carrera en el ámbito de la política cada vez es menos deseable a nivel global. Así lo asegura el estudio ‘El significado del trabajo’ , publicado por Amrop, firma líder mundial en búsqueda de ejecutivos y consultoría de liderazgo. Según este documento, un 40% de las 8.000 personas encuestadas seleccionaron el término ‘político’ como poco o nada atractivo entre 18 opciones posibles. Le siguen en la lista de profesiones menos aspiracionales la consultoría, el periodismo y los influencers de redes sociales.

Por el contrario, las carreras tecnológicas y del entorno STEM son las más atractivas en los 8 países donde se realizó este estudio, junto con las de emprendedor o propietario de un negocio, que tienen una mejor valoración en mercados emergentes como China, India o Brasil.

“No es de extrañar. En el caso de España, las carreras STEM están entre las que tienen una mayor inserción laboral. Según el Ministerio de Universidades, titulaciones como Ingeniería Informática, Telecomunicaciones o Matemáticas presentan tasas de empleo superiores al 90%. Además, los graduados en STEM suelen tener mejores salarios iniciales. Por ejemplo, carreras como Ingeniería Industrial o Informática superan los 25.000 euros anuales en sus primeros años”, comenta Isabel Reija, socia de Amrop España.

EE.UU. como destino favorito

Aunque la mayoría de los encuestados priorizan su propia nación como el lugar de trabajo preferido, el informe apunta hacia EE. UU. como la principal opción global para trasladarse si las condiciones laborales son atractivas, con un 33% de las respuestas analizadas. Los motivos son: su fuerte mercado laboral, los altos salarios y sus industrias diversas.

Le sigue en el ranking Alemania (22%), apreciada por su robusta economía, derechos laborales integrales y cultura innovadora. Y en el tercer puesto se sitúan Canadá y Reino Unido, con un 21% cada una.

“Las nuevas generaciones miran con lupa aspectos como el propósito de las organizaciones, algo que ha ganado peso en los últimos años, llevando a muchos a buscar empleos que alineen sus valores personales con el proyecto empresarial además de unas condiciones económicas estables”, asegura Ana Campos, directora asociada de Amrop España.

Motivaciones

Esa estabilidad financiera es el motivador laboral universal, según el estudio, que se repite en todos los grupos y géneros de edad, aunque tener buenos ingresos es algo menos importante para los miembros de la Generación X (43-60 años). Una buena remuneración se convierte, pues, en un acicate tanto para mantenerse en un puesto de trabajo como para trasladarse a otro.

Otra de las principales motivaciones es la realización personal en el trabajo, acompañada del interés personal que puede suscitar trabajar en un sector o industria concretos, sobre todo entre las mujeres de la Generación Z, que tienen un fuerte deseo de trabajar en campos que les apasionan. No obstante, a medida que la edad aumenta, ganan fuerza otras como la seguridad laboral y la flexibilidad.

Diferencias generacionales

En un entorno laboral en el que la Generación Z está ya en el mercado y los Baby Boomers se están jubilando, es importante analizar las diferencias y similitudes que pueden encontrarse en las relaciones laborales intergeneracionales. Para una gran mayoría de los encuestados en las franjas de edad más senior, los ‘centennials’ son empleados que quieren prosperar de forma rápida, que no miran hacia el largo plazo y que son difíciles de retener.

Sin embargo, las respuestas aportadas por los miembros de la Generación Z demuestran que son sólo mitos, y que hay más similitudes que diferencias entre estos grupos de edad. Por ejemplo, la flexibilidad y el trabajo en remoto son aspectos igualmente valorados en todas las generaciones. Y lo mismo ocurre con las metas profesionales específicas o con la disposición a trabajar horas extra para avanzar laboralmente.

“En España, las generaciones más jóvenes suelen priorizar aspectos que tienen que ver más con el desafío intelectual del proyecto, la libertad y autonomía, y participación en la toma de decisiones, siendo clave estar en los centros de mando y en la planificación estratégica de las compañías. Buscan progresar en el nivel de responsabilidad sin marcarse como máxima un aumento en la retribución, no es algo determinante a la hora de elegir un proyecto. Se da más importancia a la satisfacción en su esfera laboral frente a otras posibles compensaciones”, añade Ana Campos.

El informe en cifras

El informe de Amrop recoge las apreciaciones de 8.000 trabajadores en activo de Brasil, China, Francia, Alemania, India, Polonia, EE.UU. y Reino Unido (1.000 encuestas por país). Todos tienen entre 20 y 60 años y, como mínimo, cuentan con un título de licenciatura. Del total, más de un 70% reconocieron que les gusta trabajar, registrándose los niveles más altos en los países emergentes.

Por otra parte, el estudio plantea un mapa de calor de prioridades que muestra las diferencias culturales entre regiones del mundo: mientras EE. UU., Polonia, Brasil, Alemania, Francia y Reino Unido dan más importancia a la familia y al bienestar personal, India o China miran más hacia el plano laboral y el éxito financiero.

No obstante, más del 77% del total reconoce que no tiene un equilibrio saludable entre la vida laboral y la vida privada; el 75% expresa niveles de acuerdo fuertes o moderados con la creencia de que priorizar los intereses personales es más importante que centrarse únicamente en el trabajo; y el 83% cree que es beneficioso tomarse tiempo libre y desconectar del plano laboral de forma regular.

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