Mercado LaboralTecnología

Así funciona el fraude laboral que simula un juego para hacerte pagar.

  • Prometen dinero por tareas simples, te muestran ganancias ficticias y te hacen “subir de nivel” antes de exigirte un pago.
  • ESET, compañía líder en ciberseguridad, explica cómo detectar este fraude y protegerse.

 ESET, compañía líder en ciberseguridad, advierte sobre una modalidad de fraude en expansión que está dejando miles de víctimas en todo el mundo: el task scam o las estafas laborales disfrazadas de trabajos sencillos por internet. Bajo la promesa de ingresos rápidos por realizar tareas simples, como dar “me gusta” a publicaciones, valorar productos o completar acciones en webs falsas, los estafadores manipulan a sus víctimas hasta conseguir que paguen una supuesta inversión inicial para cobrar sus “ganancias”.

Este tipo de fraude, cada vez más sofisticado y difícil de detectar, ha generado más de 264 millones de dólares en pérdidas solo en un año, según datos del FBI.

“Estas estafas están diseñadas para parecer oportunidades laborales legítimas. Juegan con las expectativas de quienes buscan ingresos extra o nuevas fuentes de empleo y utilizan mecánicas de gamificación para atrapar emocionalmente a las víctimas”, explica Josep Albors, director de investigación y concienciación de ESET España. “Estas estafas no ocurren en cinco minutos. Se desarrollan a lo largo de varios días, generando confianza paso a paso. Es ese efecto de ‘juego’ lo que las hace tan peligrosas”.

Cómo funciona el engaño

El fraude suele iniciarse con un mensaje no solicitado, a través de WhatsApp, Telegram, SMS o redes sociales. El remitente, que simula ser un reclutador o un representante de una empresa, ofrece una forma sencilla de ganar dinero desde casa, realizando pequeñas acciones digitales.

Una vez que la persona acepta participar, accede a una plataforma falsa, pero convincente, en la que comienza a realizar tareas como hacer clic en enlaces, valorar productos o interactuar con contenido. Mientras tanto, va viendo cómo su saldo virtual crece. Todo parece funcionar, hasta que llega el giro: para desbloquear las supuestas ganancias, se le solicita realizar un pago previo, normalmente mediante criptomonedas.

Algunas víctimas incluso son añadidas a falsos grupos de usuarios donde otros supuestos participantes (en realidad, cómplices de la estafa) afirman haber cobrado grandes sumas, reforzando la ilusión de legitimidad. Tras realizar el ingreso, el dinero desaparece, y las ganancias que aparecían en pantalla nunca se materializan.

Un caldo de cultivo para el engaño

Según ESET, este modelo de fraude prospera gracias a que la normalización del trabajo remoto ha roto muchas de las barreras tradicionales del empleo y ha vuelto cotidiano el trato con desconocidos a través de canales digitales. A ello se suma la proliferación de plataformas de reclutamiento online, donde los procesos se inician sin filtros ni garantías, y la sofisticación creciente de los mensajes y páginas web fraudulentas, cada vez más creíbles gracias al uso de inteligencia artificial. Además, el uso de criptomonedas como método de pago complica enormemente el rastreo del dinero una vez entregado, mientras que la presión económica generalizada empuja a muchas personas a aceptar propuestas que, en otras circunstancias, despertarían sospechas.

Asimismo, la compañía recuerda que existen otras formas frecuentes de fraude laboral que siguen patrones similares. Algunas se presentan como ofertas atractivas publicadas incluso en portales legítimos, pero esconden solicitudes de pagos por supuestos trámites administrativos o verificaciones falsas. En otros casos, los estafadores contactan directamente con los candidatos haciéndose pasar por reclutadores, o responden a currículums publicados en webs de empleo para iniciar procesos ficticios con el objetivo final de robar datos o dinero.

Cómo protegerse ante este tipo de fraudes

Para no caer en estas trampas, ESET recomienda tener en cuenta las siguientes precauciones:

  • Desconfía de cualquier oferta de trabajo no solicitada. Especialmente si llega por canales informales como WhatsApp, Telegram, redes sociales o mensajes SMS. Las empresas serias no reclutan de esta forma.
  • Sospecha si el trabajo promete mucho dinero por tareas excesivamente simples. Cuanto más atractiva y fácil parece la oferta, más cuidado debes tener. Los estafadores saben cómo jugar con la necesidad o el deseo de ingresos rápidos.
  • Verifica siempre la identidad del reclutador o de la empresa. Busca referencias en internet, comprueba que exista una página web oficial y, si es posible, contacta por otros medios. Si no hay proceso de entrevista o todo se gestiona con respuestas automáticas, probablemente se trate de una estafa.
  • Nunca pagues por acceder a un empleo. Ni por formación, ni por trámites administrativos, ni por “desbloquear ganancias”. Los estafadores suelen usar estos conceptos como excusa para quedarse con tu dinero.
  • No compartas datos personales ni bancarios por canales no verificados. Los delincuentes pueden usar esa información para suplantar tu identidad  o venderla a otras redes fraudulentas.
  • Sigue tu intuición. Si algo no encaja o sientes que te están presionando para actuar rápido, detente y revisa. El sentido común sigue siendo una de las mejores defensas frente al fraude online.

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